Book notes

Section 3
In time, townspeople throughout Europe gained four basic rights.
1. Freedom. Anyone who lived in a town for a year and a day became free. This included serf who escaped from a manor to a town.
2. Exemption. Townspeople won the right of being exempt, or free, from ever having to work on manor.
3. Town justice. Towns had their own courts. Leading citizens tried cases that involved townspeople.
4. Commercial priviledges. Townspeople could sell goods freely in the town market. They could also charge tolls to outsiders who wanted to trade there.
Black Death - bewteen 1347 and 1351, Europe and theMediterranean world were devastated by the black death. There were no streetlights or police. People did not go out alone at night for fear of robbers. Waste was dumped into open gutters. For that reason, diseases spread quickly through the crowded cities. No one knows the exact amount of deaths. People's faith in God was shaken. The church lost power. Relations between upper and lower classes changed. Workers demanded higher wages. Peasants staged uprisings.
Chapter 4
Troubadours were traveling singers who wrote poems about love and chivalry.
Fabliaux were short comic stories.
 Dante Alighieri and Georffrey Chaucer were two great medieval writers.
Scholasticism was an attempt to bring together faith and reason.
Peter Abelard was an important philosopher.
Thomas Aquinas was a monk of dominican order.
Gothic was the new style of church architecture.
Chapter 5
Hundred Years' War was from 1337-1453 that was a series of conflicts between England and France.
The War of the Roses was in 1455 startedby the York and Lancaster families. The white rose was the badge of the House of York. The red was for Lancaster. Henry Tudor of Lancaster won the war.
In 1429, with the help of Joan of Arc, Charles VII of Orleans was crowned king of France.
Louis XI followed Charles as king of France.
Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile helped Spain become a united nation.
In 1273, a member of the Habsburg family became emperor of Switzerland.