Industrial and Agriculteral Revolution Notes

In the 1600s England had a subsistance farming industry. This is farming that of what your family only needs. Then there was an enclosure movement. England had common grounds - ground that was owned by everyone. They fenced common grounds off during the movement. The citizens who had small families and grounds had grounds taken from them and it was given to larger farm owners. Now they were tennant farmers. Those who couldn't were forced to move elsewhere. New methods of farming were found and more crops were grown. They looked for efficiency.
Jethro Toll was concerned about the amount of seed that was being wasted by hand seeding. He invented the seed drill. They were planted in straight rows. Crop rotation. Crops are rotated every year to obtain new nutrients. Wooden plow to metal. Interchangeble plow.
Cities had larger populations because of the search of work. There isn't any work. Great Britain is now the industrial revolution leader. They had the natural resources. Coal and iron ore.
Natural resource, land, and labor were the factors of production.
Another natural resource was water. Food, transportation, and power came from this.
The disadvantages were flooding and drought. The textile (clothing) industry boomed. Clothes were sewed by hand until mechanics.
The thread loom turned string into cloth. The advance happened quickly.
Steam engines are being invented. Factories and boats and locomotives are created.
Communication and transportation are faster.

Sir Thomas More -
He was a humanist.
An important counselor.
Wrote Utopia.
Refused King as ruler of the church.

Martin Luther-
Born in 1483 in strict German Catholic family.
Became a monk and professor.
Wrote 95 theses challenging the Catholic church.

Prince Henry of Portugal-
Died in 1460.
Duke.
Established a center of navigation and exploration.

Miguel de Cervantes-
Born in 1547.
Wrote first European novel called Don quixote.
He was named Prince of Wits.

Louis Lave-
Born in 1522.
Female french poet.
Her mother died while she was a child.
She married in early 20s.
She wrote 24 sonnets.
The first in Italian.

Filipo Brunelleschi-
He built works of art such as churches.
Designed and built dome for Florence Cathedral.

Ambrose Pare-
He was a surgeon.
He was born in France.
He was the great surgeon for the kings.
Leader is medicine.
First to use bandages.

Pieter Brueghel
Married his mentor's daughter.
Nicknamed Brueghel the peasant.
Painted.

Galiliei -
He was born in Tuscany.
he was a well known musician.
He made telescope with 32 magnification.
Observed Jupiter's moons.
He became blind and had glaucoma.

Gutenberg -
German blacksmith, printer, and publisher.
introduced printing to Europe.
Introduced movable type printing press.

Robert Hook -
English philosopher.
He rebuilt london after the fire.
He built Gregorean telescopes.
Developed the compound microscope.

John Calvin -
He created Calvinism.
Died in 1564.
French reformer.
Calvinism was based on supremacy of God.

Christopher Columbus -
He was an italian spanish navigator.
sailed west for a route to asia but found america.
He didn't mean to discover it.

Leonardo Da Vinci -
Invented and sketched early tanks and cars.

Michelangelo-
Painted ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.

William Shakespeare -
Wrote Romeo and Juliet among others.

Nicolaus Copernicus-
Published the theory that the earth was not the center of the universe.

Andreas Vesalius-
Published detailed descriptions of the human anatomy.

Artemisia Gentileschi was born in Rome on 8 July 1593, the eldest child of the Tuscan painter Orazio Gentileschi. Artemisia was introduced to painting in her father's workshop, showing much more talent than her brothers, who worked alongside her. Orazio was a great encouragement to his daughter since, during the 17th century, women were considered not to have the intelligence to work.
She was raped, which strongly influenced her paintings to pour out her pain.
She  was the most important woman painter of Early Modern Europe by virtue of the excellence of her work, the originality of her treatment of traditional subjects, and the number of her paintings that have survived. She was both praised and disdained by contemporary critical opinion, recognized as having genius, yet seen as monstrous because she was a woman exercising a creative talent thought to be exclusively male. she "has suffered a scholarly neglect that is almost unthinkable for an artist of her caliber."

When Anne of Cleves was married to Henry, Kathryn Howard was his lady in waiting. She had actually been the maid of honor in their wedding. Henry and Kathryn were secretly married on July 28, 1540 while she was engaged to her cousin. Henry was 49 and she was 19. She lifted Henry's spirits and he gained a lot of weight. Less than a year into their marriage, the rumors of her infidelity began. She was executed on the Tower of London on February 13.

Notes

1. Catholic chruch had lost sight of a spiritual mission.
2. The popes did not set an example of moral leadership.
3. The priest engaged in misconduct.
4. The church became interested in income not saving souls.
5. There is no central government in Germany.
6. Tetzel began selling indulgences.
Martin Luther - Monk - believed in the Justification by faith.
He writes the 95 thesis. Takes the documents and nails them to the church do in Wittenburg. Martin Luther is banned from the Catholic Church.
7. Luther was summed to appear in front of the imperial diet.
8.Luther is commended to abandon his ideas.
9. Luther is banished from the empire his worms are banned.
10. Luther translates the Bible into German.
11. Luthers works and ideas continue to spread.
12. Luther stablishes the 1st prominent church.
13. The 1st denomination was Lutheranism.
Indulgence - buying forgiveness.
1. You have to pay.
2. If future sense, you buy in advance.
3. You pay for someone else to go to Heaven.

Leonardo De Vinci

My name is Leonardo De Vinci. I am a painter, a sculptor, an architect, and an engineer. My numerous skills had earned me the title “Renaissance Master.” I had a fascination with science and in-depth study of human anatomy that aided me in mastering the realist art form. I tried to incorporate movement and expression in my paintings. My works are said to be painted with great accuracy and detail that it is sometimes said that I painted from the bones outward. I lived until the age of 67. Though I was celebrated, I was also humiliated and cast away. My paintings never left the sketchpad, or were only partially completed, as I often abandoned my commissions in order to flee from social situations. Some of my works that you may have seen are The Last Supper and Mona Lisa. When I was 15, I had already mastered skills in the fine arts and I was sent to Florence to work as an apprentice in the renowned workshop of Andrea Del Verrocchio. I worked with him until 1477. In 1472, I still worked with Verrocchio and was honored as being accepted to the painter’s guild of Florence. I worked independently until 1481. I was assigned two projects, but I abandoned one of them as I moved to Milan. While my career was taking flight, my reputation was damaged in 1481 when I was charged with sodomy. In 1516, the king of France invited me to work for him, and on May 2 of 1519, I died from something that is unknown to all.