Bellringer 4/25/12

1. It helped to create it spread.
2. Children and women were employed in factories.
3. New ways were invented to make production of goods a lot faster.
4. The working conditions were improved, and the workers didn't have to work as hard.
5. New ideas were thought up.

Bellringer 4/24/12

I agree that video games don't cause people to act violently. Some people who are already into violence will have their appetite filled by violent video games, but for most, unlikely. I also agree that violence doesn't need to be displayed in pastimes as they are in video games. The only problem is that some turn video games into a life instead of a "Play once a week" thing.

Bellringer 4/16/12

The Factory is an important invention because women and children began to work, and production was a lot faster.

Notes on industrial revolution

Went from an Agrarian society to industrial society. From agriculture to industry. Factories make production faster. Apprentices were paid on how much they produced by hand. Factories pushed apprenticeship out the window. Pay was no longer based around how much we make but how long we work hourly. Men were the ones working, but the women and children began to work in factories as well. You could pay children and women less. There was an advancement of technology.

The gang plow
-invented in the 1870s
-improved efficiency
-made of steel
The cast iron plow
-invented in 1797
-made of metal
-people thought it poisoned the soil.
The flying shuttle
-was patented by John Kay
-was patented in 1733
-turned soil
The corn picker
-made in 1850
-made picking corn faster
-put corn into a truck beside it
The spring tooth harrow
-smoothed the ground
-turned soil
-has flexible iron teeth
The grain elevator
-was a tower
-elevated grain
-done my a bucket
Combine
-originally pulled by horses
-next powered by steam
-harvests crops
Cotton Gin
-invented by Eli Whitney
-comb combed cotton
-removed seeds from cotton

The moldboard plow

The moldboard plow was invented so that when the field was plowed, the soil would flip over so that the rich soil underneath was showing. This helped farmers plant more efficient crops and as a result there was a major population growth. It was invented by the ancient Chinese civilization.

Industrial and Agriculteral Revolution Notes

In the 1600s England had a subsistance farming industry. This is farming that of what your family only needs. Then there was an enclosure movement. England had common grounds - ground that was owned by everyone. They fenced common grounds off during the movement. The citizens who had small families and grounds had grounds taken from them and it was given to larger farm owners. Now they were tennant farmers. Those who couldn't were forced to move elsewhere. New methods of farming were found and more crops were grown. They looked for efficiency.
Jethro Toll was concerned about the amount of seed that was being wasted by hand seeding. He invented the seed drill. They were planted in straight rows. Crop rotation. Crops are rotated every year to obtain new nutrients. Wooden plow to metal. Interchangeble plow.
Cities had larger populations because of the search of work. There isn't any work. Great Britain is now the industrial revolution leader. They had the natural resources. Coal and iron ore.
Natural resource, land, and labor were the factors of production.
Another natural resource was water. Food, transportation, and power came from this.
The disadvantages were flooding and drought. The textile (clothing) industry boomed. Clothes were sewed by hand until mechanics.
The thread loom turned string into cloth. The advance happened quickly.
Steam engines are being invented. Factories and boats and locomotives are created.
Communication and transportation are faster.

Sir Thomas More -
He was a humanist.
An important counselor.
Wrote Utopia.
Refused King as ruler of the church.

Martin Luther-
Born in 1483 in strict German Catholic family.
Became a monk and professor.
Wrote 95 theses challenging the Catholic church.

Prince Henry of Portugal-
Died in 1460.
Duke.
Established a center of navigation and exploration.

Miguel de Cervantes-
Born in 1547.
Wrote first European novel called Don quixote.
He was named Prince of Wits.

Louis Lave-
Born in 1522.
Female french poet.
Her mother died while she was a child.
She married in early 20s.
She wrote 24 sonnets.
The first in Italian.

Filipo Brunelleschi-
He built works of art such as churches.
Designed and built dome for Florence Cathedral.

Ambrose Pare-
He was a surgeon.
He was born in France.
He was the great surgeon for the kings.
Leader is medicine.
First to use bandages.

Pieter Brueghel
Married his mentor's daughter.
Nicknamed Brueghel the peasant.
Painted.

Galiliei -
He was born in Tuscany.
he was a well known musician.
He made telescope with 32 magnification.
Observed Jupiter's moons.
He became blind and had glaucoma.

Gutenberg -
German blacksmith, printer, and publisher.
introduced printing to Europe.
Introduced movable type printing press.

Robert Hook -
English philosopher.
He rebuilt london after the fire.
He built Gregorean telescopes.
Developed the compound microscope.

John Calvin -
He created Calvinism.
Died in 1564.
French reformer.
Calvinism was based on supremacy of God.

Christopher Columbus -
He was an italian spanish navigator.
sailed west for a route to asia but found america.
He didn't mean to discover it.

Leonardo Da Vinci -
Invented and sketched early tanks and cars.

Michelangelo-
Painted ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.

William Shakespeare -
Wrote Romeo and Juliet among others.

Nicolaus Copernicus-
Published the theory that the earth was not the center of the universe.

Andreas Vesalius-
Published detailed descriptions of the human anatomy.

Artemisia Gentileschi was born in Rome on 8 July 1593, the eldest child of the Tuscan painter Orazio Gentileschi. Artemisia was introduced to painting in her father's workshop, showing much more talent than her brothers, who worked alongside her. Orazio was a great encouragement to his daughter since, during the 17th century, women were considered not to have the intelligence to work.
She was raped, which strongly influenced her paintings to pour out her pain.
She  was the most important woman painter of Early Modern Europe by virtue of the excellence of her work, the originality of her treatment of traditional subjects, and the number of her paintings that have survived. She was both praised and disdained by contemporary critical opinion, recognized as having genius, yet seen as monstrous because she was a woman exercising a creative talent thought to be exclusively male. she "has suffered a scholarly neglect that is almost unthinkable for an artist of her caliber."

When Anne of Cleves was married to Henry, Kathryn Howard was his lady in waiting. She had actually been the maid of honor in their wedding. Henry and Kathryn were secretly married on July 28, 1540 while she was engaged to her cousin. Henry was 49 and she was 19. She lifted Henry's spirits and he gained a lot of weight. Less than a year into their marriage, the rumors of her infidelity began. She was executed on the Tower of London on February 13.

Notes

1. Catholic chruch had lost sight of a spiritual mission.
2. The popes did not set an example of moral leadership.
3. The priest engaged in misconduct.
4. The church became interested in income not saving souls.
5. There is no central government in Germany.
6. Tetzel began selling indulgences.
Martin Luther - Monk - believed in the Justification by faith.
He writes the 95 thesis. Takes the documents and nails them to the church do in Wittenburg. Martin Luther is banned from the Catholic Church.
7. Luther was summed to appear in front of the imperial diet.
8.Luther is commended to abandon his ideas.
9. Luther is banished from the empire his worms are banned.
10. Luther translates the Bible into German.
11. Luthers works and ideas continue to spread.
12. Luther stablishes the 1st prominent church.
13. The 1st denomination was Lutheranism.
Indulgence - buying forgiveness.
1. You have to pay.
2. If future sense, you buy in advance.
3. You pay for someone else to go to Heaven.

Leonardo De Vinci

My name is Leonardo De Vinci. I am a painter, a sculptor, an architect, and an engineer. My numerous skills had earned me the title “Renaissance Master.” I had a fascination with science and in-depth study of human anatomy that aided me in mastering the realist art form. I tried to incorporate movement and expression in my paintings. My works are said to be painted with great accuracy and detail that it is sometimes said that I painted from the bones outward. I lived until the age of 67. Though I was celebrated, I was also humiliated and cast away. My paintings never left the sketchpad, or were only partially completed, as I often abandoned my commissions in order to flee from social situations. Some of my works that you may have seen are The Last Supper and Mona Lisa. When I was 15, I had already mastered skills in the fine arts and I was sent to Florence to work as an apprentice in the renowned workshop of Andrea Del Verrocchio. I worked with him until 1477. In 1472, I still worked with Verrocchio and was honored as being accepted to the painter’s guild of Florence. I worked independently until 1481. I was assigned two projects, but I abandoned one of them as I moved to Milan. While my career was taking flight, my reputation was damaged in 1481 when I was charged with sodomy. In 1516, the king of France invited me to work for him, and on May 2 of 1519, I died from something that is unknown to all.

Rennaisance means rebirth.
It was a 'Aha" moment.
It started in Florence, Italy between Mulan and Rome. You couldn't walk down the street without seeing a statue. The Medici family brought this about. Lorenzo Medici was nicknamed the Magnificent because he helped it come alive. A humanist is someone who returned to the classics. The artist and writer were awakened. The Italian artist relied on perspective for making is humanistic. The sistine chapel's ceiling was the masterpiece of Michelangelo. The sistine chapel is in the vatican city in the vatican museum. It is small. The pietta was the only work that he signed. He signed it because he didn't think that it was very good. Da Vinci painted the mona lisa. Her eyebrows are missing on the mona lisa. His last famous painting was the last supper. Raphael is the next artist. He drew many portraits of Mary. Madonna was a picture of Mary.
Petrarch was known for his love poems to an imaginary woman. Niccolo Machiavelli was the next writer. He was from Florence. He wrote the prince.

Book notes

Section 3
In time, townspeople throughout Europe gained four basic rights.
1. Freedom. Anyone who lived in a town for a year and a day became free. This included serf who escaped from a manor to a town.
2. Exemption. Townspeople won the right of being exempt, or free, from ever having to work on manor.
3. Town justice. Towns had their own courts. Leading citizens tried cases that involved townspeople.
4. Commercial priviledges. Townspeople could sell goods freely in the town market. They could also charge tolls to outsiders who wanted to trade there.
Black Death - bewteen 1347 and 1351, Europe and theMediterranean world were devastated by the black death. There were no streetlights or police. People did not go out alone at night for fear of robbers. Waste was dumped into open gutters. For that reason, diseases spread quickly through the crowded cities. No one knows the exact amount of deaths. People's faith in God was shaken. The church lost power. Relations between upper and lower classes changed. Workers demanded higher wages. Peasants staged uprisings.
Chapter 4
Troubadours were traveling singers who wrote poems about love and chivalry.
Fabliaux were short comic stories.
 Dante Alighieri and Georffrey Chaucer were two great medieval writers.
Scholasticism was an attempt to bring together faith and reason.
Peter Abelard was an important philosopher.
Thomas Aquinas was a monk of dominican order.
Gothic was the new style of church architecture.
Chapter 5
Hundred Years' War was from 1337-1453 that was a series of conflicts between England and France.
The War of the Roses was in 1455 startedby the York and Lancaster families. The white rose was the badge of the House of York. The red was for Lancaster. Henry Tudor of Lancaster won the war.
In 1429, with the help of Joan of Arc, Charles VII of Orleans was crowned king of France.
Louis XI followed Charles as king of France.
Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile helped Spain become a united nation.
In 1273, a member of the Habsburg family became emperor of Switzerland.

February - Black History Month

Harriet Tubman
-She was born into slavery in the year 1820 in Maryland.
-She had a head injury from when a slave once tried to escape, and an overseer threw a rock that hit her. She suffered from this throughout her life.
-In 1844, she married John Tubman.
-In 1849,having heard rumors that she was to be sold, she escaped to Pennsylvania.
Colin Powell
-Colin Powell was the Secretary of state.
-He was confirmed in 2001.
-Colin was born in Harlem, NYC in 1937.
-In 1987 Powell replaced Carlucci as national security adviser.
Muhammad Ali
-He was born in 1942.
-He began boxing at 12 when his bicycle was stolen.
-In high school, he won 100 out of 108.
-He went to complete the 1960 olympics.
Hank Aaron
-He was a baseball player.
-He was born February 5, 1934 in Mobile, Alabama.
-When he was a teenager, baseball was slowly becoming integrated.
-He was recruited by the Milwaukee Braves.
Louis Armstrong
-He was a jazz musician and entertainer.
-He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana.
-He is the son of Mary Ann and WIllie Armstrong.
-His parents were separated.
Tiger Woods
-He is a professional golfer.
-He was born in 1975.
- He was born in Orlando, Florida.
Langston Hughes
-He was a writer
-He was born in Missouri.
-He graduated from Ohio.
Duke Ellington
-He was a bandleader, composer, and pianist.
-The bond he had with his mother was unique.
-Began He began piano lessons at age 7.
Ida Bell Wells-Barnett
-She was a journalist, suffragist, anti-lynching crusader, and champion of racial justice.
-She was born a slace in Holly Springs, Mississippi.
-Her parents and some of her brothers and sisters died in a yellow fever epidemic.
Ralph Bunche
-He was the highest american official in the United Nations.
-He was a barber's son.
-Bunch attended University of California.
Lena Horne
-She was a singer and an actress.
-She was born June 30, 1917.
-Her mother was an actress.
-In 1937 she married Louis Jones the politician.
Derrick Bell
He was the first tenured African American professor at law at Harvard.
He was the former dean of the University of Oregon.
He wrote about the critical race theory.
Henry Gates
Gates has hosted several PBS television miniseries.
 He is an American literary critic, educator, scholar, writer, editor, and public intellectual.
 He has received numerous honorary degrees and awards for his teaching, research, and development of academic institutions to study black culture.
Lorraine Hansberry
Lorraine Hansberry was an African American playwright and author of political speeches, letters, and essays.
Her best known work, A Raisin in the Sun, was inspired by her family's battle against racial segregation in Chicago.
Hansberry contributed to the understanding of abortion, discrimination, and Africa.
Chester Higgins
Chester Higgins, Jr. is an American photographer.
Higgins has worked as a New York Times photographer since 1975 and has exhibited in museums throughout the world.
His one-man exhibitions have appeared at the International Center of Photography, The Museum of Photographic Arts, The Smithsonian Institution, The Museum of African Art, Musée Dapper Paris, The Schomburg Center, The New-York Historical Society and the Schatten Gallery at Emory University.
Randall Kenan
Randall Kenan is an American author of fiction and nonfiction.
Kenan strongly identifies with both his African American and gay identities, both of which were highlighted in his next two books.
He then spent several years traveling across America and Canada collecting oral histories of African Americans.
Julius Lester
Julius Lester is an American author of books for children and adults, and taught for 32 years.
 He is also a photographer, as well as a musician who recorded two albums of folk music and original songs
During his New York years, Lester hosted a radio show on WBAI-FM.

Digital Learning Day

2,000,000 million TVs in bathrooms in the U.S.
-95% of songs downloaded last year weren't paid for.
-90% of 200,000,00 million emails sent is spam.
-93% of adults own a cell phone.
-Major colleges today didn;t exist 10 years ago.
-More than 50% of 21 one year olds created content on the web.
-The first commercial text message was sent in December 1992.
-1 out of 8 couples in the U.S. meet online.
-Project-based learning is now used in only 1 out of 10 schools.
-1 in 5 teachers used technology in daily instuction
-90% of whiteboads are not in use anymore.
-China will soon be the #1 English speaking country.
-There are more 200 million registered users in the world for Myspace
-31 billion google searches every month.
-540,000 words in the English language.
-The amount is doubled of new technology every 2 years

Notes on Crusades

The Seljuq Turks, a Muslim people from Central Asia, took control of Palestine, the Holy Land. They also attacked part of the Byzantine Empire.  The emperor called on Pope Urban II  in Rome for help. Urban wanted to regain the Holy Land from the Turks. In 1905 he called a meeting. He asked the lords to stop fighting and to join in a great war to win back the Holy Land.
So the Crusades began. At least 10,000 Europeans took up the cause. They sewed a cross of cloth on their clothes and were called crusaders. (The latin word cruciata means "marked with a cross") Crusaders - some went to save their souls (They believed that if they died in war, they would go to Heaven immediately), some went to gain land and wealth in Palestine, some saw a chance to make money.

The first Crusade lasted from 1096 to 1099. After much discussion with the emperor of Constantinople, the crusaders passed through. They marched in their wool and leather garments. They suffered from heat and they lacked enough food and water because they had few pack animals to carry supplies. The Turks were quarreling among themselves and disunited, thus preventing the crusaders from surrounding the city. After a series of vicious battles, the crusaders captured Jerusalem. They slaughtered the Muslim and Jewish inhabitants. The crusaders' capture of Jerusalem brought much of the Holy Land under European control. They set up four small states and introduced feudalism and subdivided the land into fiefs with lords and vassals. The Christians and Muslims lived along each other and grew respect for each other.

The second crusade - began in 1147. King Louis VII of France and German king Conrad III led separate armies across Europe. At the city of Damascus, the two armies joined forces. The combined forces failed to recapture the city. The Turks held. In 1149 the crusaders returned to Europe in disgrace.


The third crusade - In 1187 the Muslim leader Saladin gained control of Jerusalem. Three European rulers ---Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, King Philip II of France, and King Richard I of England ---then led separate armies in the third crusade. the crusade lasted from 1189 to 1192. It, too, failed. When Barbarossa drowned on the way to the Holy Land, his army turned back. Philip and Richard quarreled, and Philip took his army back home. Through the truce, the crusaders received control of some towns along the Palestinian coast. It allowed Christians to enter Jerusalem freely.


The fourth crusade - Pope Innocent III gathered a group of French knights for  the fourth crusade. In 1202 they left on ships provided by the Italina city-state of Venice. The Venetians persuaged the crusaders to attack Zadar ---a trade rival to Venice ---as they moved down the Adriatic coast. Then in 1204 the crusaders attacked and looted Constantinople, another Christian city. Turks siezed Constantinople in 1453.


Other crusades - In 1212 the short-lived and unfortunate children's crusade took place. Young people from across Europe decided to march to the HOly Land and regain it for Christian Europe. They lacked adequate training. The pope sent some of them back home. Others crusaders later tried to recapture the Holy Land. The crusades continued until 1291, when the Muslims captured the city of Acre. It was the last Christian stronghold in the Holy Land and with its fall, the Crusades ended.


Results - The Muslims regained control of Palestine. In Europe, the Crusades helped bring about many changes - Weapons and warfare, political changes, and ideas and trade.

I know that sometimes I take advantage of my voice. We don't realize how easy it is to say something. I found the activity challenging. I can contain myself, because I'm often quiet, but I had some things occasionally that I wanted to say. This activity was fun and interesting, though. If I took the vow of silence for a whole day, it would be even more challenging. If you tried to get your point across to someone, and they didn't understand you, then it might get irritating. I've attempted going a whole day without talking, so I know what it can be like. I've learned not to take my voice for granted. We don’t try very hard to get our points across because it isn’t. We say things that are mean because there are so many words to say. I think that if we had a limit on what we would say, then we would be careful to choose our words. You don’t want any of them to go to waste. I think that we should be very mindful of what we say. This activity helped me realize that I want to say good and pleasant things, because I still have the words to do so. Some skills that you may need would be the skill to sign well. If others could sign back, it would be fine, but if not, then it would be tough. You could write people notes to show them what you mean to say. If you can mouth words well, then that would be another necessary skill to have.

Notes
Bathing
1. People bathed once a month.
2. People wore the same clothes day after day, they only had one outfit.
3. They used lavender flowers and mint in the water for cleaning. These were used to keep the fleas away because they had a lot of animals and straw in their houses.

Chairman
1. The word chairman comes from the Middle Ages where a house only had one chair, for the exclusive use of the man of the family.

Sleeping
1. At night time people would pile onto a mattress, alump of straw on the floor. The whole family slept in the same bed. If an animal was friendly they may sleep in the bed to keep you warm of course.

Troubadours
1. Troubadours traveled from town to town singing for their supper.
2. His songs were often about love or the glory of kings.
3. Troubadours would strum a lute.

Anglo and Saxans combined to form England.Shires collect taxes.
Alfed the Great was the first anglo-saxan king.
Edward the confessor was the last.
     When Edward died, there was war because he didn't have an heir. Two people were in line. Harold Godwinson was his brother-in-law. William, the duke of Normandy, was Edward's cousin, but he was from France. This was the top of 100 wars of the world, battle of Hastings. William won. He was nicknamed William the conqueror. When William took the throne, he wanted to take quick action. He was the first to collect a census since the roman times. The census would come to your house and count everyone, including animals. This determined the amount of tax that they had of you. All this info was put into the Dombs Days book. This is important because it was like our tax day. They nicknamed it the Doom's Day book. William died, and was seceded by Henry l. He didn't do anything. Henry ll replaced him when he died. Henry ll grew up dreaming of changing what his father had done. He had the policy that the clergy man should be accountable under the law. His best friend, Thomas Beckette, the archbishop of Canterbury, disagreed. He was so angry, and he went to confront Henry.   
     Things boiled over and both were extremely angry. Henry is so mad that he says to himself that he wishes that Thomas was dead. Three knights were eavesdropping. They followed Thomas to Canterbury and stabbed him to death at the alter of the church.
     John, Henry's son, seceded Henry. John is fiesty. If he gets mad, he goes to war. He taxes the people of England (87%)  so he can pay to go to war. The people of England were fed up. They met at Runnymead. They came up with the Magna Carta, the greatest document in history. It is Latin for "great charter". John was forced to sign. It was the basis for our constitution.
     The kings power was so great, and that's why the Magna Carta was created. It listed church freedom and the limit that you would not tax greatly without reason. If the king ever took over too much again, they would kill him. He was forced to sign.

Sweden

The first thing that fascinates me about Sweden is the Ice Hotel. Another place that I would like to see is the Bohus Fortress. This place is a medieval castle. It is overgrown, but still stands, even after it was seriously damaged in the 1500's. I would also like to go to Gothenburg.

Notes on pop-up books

Lindsey - Bosnia
Servian is the language of Bosnia.
Bosnia has a rich literary system.
Stories are based on religion and morals.
Bosnia is a democracy.
Toys in Bosnia are made to be extremely simple.
Shania - Peru
Lima is the capital city.
The children play with marbles and coins.
Rice, potatoes, and fish are some common ingredients in their dishes.
The main parts of education are intitial, primary, and secondary.
The age to start school is 3.
Faith - Brazil
They speak Portuguese.
Brazil is the only country in South America that doesn't speak Spanish.
Kids is Brazil like to jump rope and play checkers.
Root vegetables and fruits are the main ingredients of their dishes.
School runs from February to December.
Caleb - Zimbabwe
1,311,443 is their population.
The kids play a game called "Burger" that teaches them to be like adults.
Independence day is April 18.
The national food is Salsa.
Christianity was introduced to them in the 1500's.
Mark - Greece
The language, Greek, is spoken by 99 percent of the population.
Asop was a famous writer from Greece.
They have a prime minister.
A popular dish is lamb and potatoes.
The elves in Greece during Christmas time are little creatures that prey upon little children.
John - Spain
The capital city is Madrid.
They speak Spanish.
Most kids play video games and sports such as soccer.
They have a variety of beans that they eat.
Their government is a Constitutional Monarchy.
Haley - Switzerland
The capital is Bernie.
They speak Swedish.
Rag dolls are common toys.
Meatballs are a very common food in Switzerland.
Most festivals are celebrated with fireworks.
Samantha - Morocco
They speak Arabic.
Their alphabet has 28 letters that are all consonents.
Literature focuses on songs.
High school is only 3 years.
Lamb and fish are a replacement for beef.
Madori - Germany
Eric Castle is a famous author.
Soup is a popular dish.
Germany education depends on the the state that you live in.
Other languages that they speak are Turkish and Polish.
A famous toy is the thumb toy.
Krista - Barbados
The native language is English.
Literature focuses on nonfiction and inspiration.
Most children's books are taken from those of America.
Sand is a joy to the children there.
Barbados has a Parliamentary Democracy.
Kristen - Japan
Japan is one of the best educated populations.
A common toy is a kite.
Sushi is a traditional food.
It is disrespectful to not eat your sushi.
A garden is traditional
Taylor - Fiji
"Faces in the Village" is a famous poem.
A traditional food is the scone.
It is respectful to take off your hat while in a village and to take off your shoes before entering a house.
School is very expensive.
There are 150 secondary schools.
Raychel - Italy
Rome is the Capital city.
Leonardo Davinci was a famous painter from Italy.
A famous Italian book is Cinderelli.
Italian toys are similar to ours such as a toy cars.
Peppers are one of the popular ingredients.
Karlie - Egypt
81,121,077 is the population.
Omar Toher is a popular novelist.
Scrabble and other board games are common toys.
Egypt invented the top.
Guests give presents to host during parties.
Paige - Argentina
Young children play a lot of sports, mostly soccer.
Their government is a republic.
Lunch is the biggest meal of the day.
El Carnival de Pios is their "Mardi Gras."
Education is free to everyone.
Katara - France
Victor Hugo is a famous author.
"Are you sleeping?" is a nursery rhyme.
There are toy libraries.
Their government is a republic.
Dinner has four courses.
Gunnar - Thailand
It was a Monarchy until 1932, but a king is still present.
They have one of the largest armies in the world.
In 1949, the name was changed back to Thailand.
The have one of the highest literacy rates in the world.
66,720,000 is their population.
Dale - Panama
Panama City is the capital.
Most of the people are Roman Catholic.
Babar is a famous children's book.
The government is a Constitutional Republic.
The Panama Canal is a tourist attraction.
Courtney - Scotland
They speak English.
David Russel is a famous Scottish guitarist.
They visit parks for entertainment.
Banics are flatcakes that are made of oatmeal.
Their education ends after the age of 16.
Josh - UK
London is the capital city.
English is the most common language.
J.K. Rowling is a famous author.
Baseball, golf, and bowling is combined into their popular sport.
They have a Monarchy.
Viola - Ireland
Dublin is the capital city.
Before Irish literature, Ongham was used.
Children play games such as Mr. Fox.
Mary Robinson was a political leader.
Most meals are made with veggies, meat, and fish.
Gabby - Bolivia
10,118,683 is the population.
Spanish along with 30 other languages are used.
The beast is a common novel.
Humpty Dumpty is a famous nursery rhyme.
The games they play are based on education.
Abby - Madagascar
They eat rice at every meal.
Jean Joseph is a famous author.
Poetry is very common.
The children play board games, tag, and they swim.
Their government is a Republic.
Chase - Venezuela
The capital is Caracas.
Jose Balsa is a famous author.
Marbles are traditional stairs.
Their government is a Federal Republic.
April 19 is the Declaration of Independence Day.
Sara - Sweden
Fish is a big part of their cuisine.
Peter Paul is a famous author.
Kids go to school from age 7 to 16.
Kids play with marbles and dolls.
The Ice Hotel is a popular tourist attraction.
Kelsea - El Salvador
The capital is San Salvador.
They speak Spanish.
Poetry is the most common form of literature.
Children play with the same toys are the U.S.
Traditional food usually contains corn.